SOLAR MODULES: generate electricity from light. Light is instantly converted to DC power to charge storage batteries.

SOLAR CONTROLLER/REGULATOR: prevents overcharging of the batteries and monitors other system parameters, such as Voltage and Amperage.

BATTERIES: store the solar power, so that it is available at any time. Battery storage is generally sized to give a minimum of 4 to 5 days reserve power.

INVERTER: changes battery power to 240 Volt AC so you can run normal domestic appliances.

NB: Other means of charging the batteries can also be supplemented e.g. Wind generator or fuel generator set. These multiple charging type systems are generally known as HYBRID systems.